https://doi.org/10.15290/std.2022.08.04
One of the significant factors enabling the development of sciences was the conceptualization of fundamental principles of being and thinking, which was already achieved in ancient times. The principles of identity, non-contradiction, excluded middle, and causality became the foundations of emerging natural sciences in the 17th century. Simultaneously, in modern philosophy, they became the subject of critical analysis, resulting in their gradual rejection. Consequently, the concepts of being and knowledge were deprived of last-ing foundations. This made it impossible to meaningfully legitimize concepts such as truth, goodness, and beauty. As a result, skepticism and relativism destabilize the contemporary worldview. If we aim for a stable worldview, we should treat the principles of being and thinking as rules for verifying and falsifying our beliefs.
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